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DNA Romance
DNA Romance
报名

「關係相容性的科學背後」

DNA Romance predicts "chemistry" online using the DRom 1.0 algorithm. It assesses 100 specific markers within your DNA - focused on genes proven to be involved in attraction and reproduction. Studies have shown that people with varied DNA markers in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) tend to find each other's scent appealing and often enjoy more durable romantic relationships.

DRom 1.0 - Predicting Chemistry

DRom 1.0 algorithm - DNA Romance predicts chemistry from MHC markers

DNA Romance也預測 性格相容性 using Myers-Briggs personality types, lets users evaluate shared common interests via filters, and 物理吸引力 based on photographs.

Our second algorithm, DRom 2.0, uses an AI model trained with relevant DNA markers to predict phenotypic traits with high accuracy - complementing the profile-verification mechanism that checks user authenticity.

性格相容性评分

不同人格类型如何在人际关系中相互作用

Our personality compatibility rating draws on the Jung / Myers-Briggs 16 personality types a psychometric framework with over a century of development. Carl Jung's 1921 work was refined by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katherine Briggs into the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, widely used today in organisational psychology.

DNA Romance applies this framework to predict potential connections between singles and couples - assigning higher compatibility scores to similar personality types, lower scores to those that tend to conflict.

DNA Romance personality compatibility - 16 Myers-Briggs personality types

重点研究论文

Selected peer-reviewed studies underpinning the science behind DNA Romance.

Dandine-Roulland 等人,2019

Dandine-Roulland C, Laurent R, Dall'Ara I, Toupance B 和 Chaix R (2019)

人类 MHC 不相配交配的基因组证据

英國皇家學會報告B

北歐的夫妻傾向於表現出MHC的差異性,這表明生物學對伴侶選擇有影響。其他地方的文化和社會因素可能會掩蓋生物驅動的模式。

Birnbaum et al., 2019

Birnbaum GE, Zholtack K, Mizrahi M & Ein-Dor T (2019)

苦药:停用口服避孕药增强了人们的吸引力另类伴侣

Evolutionary Psychological Science 5, 276–285

激素避孕藥會改變伴侶偏好。停止使用會恢復這些偏好,並增強對基因相容男性的吸引力,尤其是在高生育力階段。

Wedekind, 2019

Wedekind C (2019)

一項預測氣味愉悅度與強度之間的互動的研究,為女性的主要組織相容性複合體社交信號提供了證據。

Proc. R. Soc. B 285:20172714

Re-analysis of MHC-and-odour data showing odour pleasantness and intensity interact with MHC dissimilarity to influence social signalling - a more nuanced relationship between MHC, scent perception, and communication than earlier studies suggested.

Henningsson et al., 2017

Henningsson S et al. (2017)

主要組織相容性複合體 (MHC) 和性伴侶選擇

Translational Psychiatry 7:e1118

系統地研究人類的MHC和性選擇,評估HLA基因型與現代人群伴侶選擇之間的關係。

Christakis & Fowler, 2014

Christakis NA, Fowler JH (2014)

友谊与自然选择

PNAS 111(suppl 3): 10796–10801

朋友的基因相似性堪比四級表親。表明社交關係沿著微妙的生物梯度形成,而不僅僅是共享的環境 - 與浪漫相容性如何延伸到MHC之外有關。

Garver-Apgar et al., 2006

Garver-Apgar CE, Gangestad SW, Thornhill R, Miller RD, Olp JJ (2006)

主要組織相容性複合體等位基因、性反應性與浪漫伴侶中的不忠誠

Psychological Science 17:830-835

MHC相似性較高的夫妻報告性反應降低和更高的不忠率 - 已建立關係中MHC相容性的直接行為相關性。

Roberts et al., 2006

Roberts SC, Gosling LM, Carter V, Petrie M (2006)

人類中與MHC相關的氣味偏好及口服避孕藥的使用

Proc. R. Soc. B 275:2715-2722

服用荷爾蒙避孕藥後,女性對MHC相關氣味的偏好會發生轉變 - 她們會轉向MHC相似的伴侶,而不是MHC不相似的伴侶。

Wedekind & Furi, 1997

Wedekind C, Furi S (1997)

男女對體味的偏好:他們的目標是特定的MHC組合還是普遍的異質性?

Proc. R. Soc. B 264:1471-1479

Follow-up to the classic t-shirt study. Men and women evaluated odour samples from MHC-typed donors; preferences fell on MHC-dissimilar partners more often than chance - but the underlying signal favours heterozygosity rather than specific allele combinations.

Wu et al., 2018

Wu K, Chen C, Moyzis RK, Nuno M, Yu Z and Greenberger E (2018)

不僅僅是表面:基於主要組織相容性複合體 (MHC) 的亞洲美國速配者之間的吸引力

Evolution and Human Behavior. 39(4):447-456.

在速配約會的情境中,婦女會根據主要免疫相容性复合(MHC)通過SNP分析來偏好某些伴侶,而不同的SNP會根據與主要HLA基因的距離而有不同的吸引力,而MHC基準與自我報告的個性特徵在預測兩性的第二次約會邀請時有相當的影響力。

Burger等,2017年

Burger D, Meuwly C, Marti E, Sieme H, Oberthür M, Janda J, Meinecke-Tillmann S and Wedekind C (2017)

MHC-correlated preferences in diestrous female horses (Equus caballus)

Theriogenology. 89:318-323.

這項研究調查了主要組織相容性複合體(MHC)基因和睪酮水平對母馬交配偏好的影響,發現母馬在其黃體期(非繁殖期)對MHC不相似的種馬表現出更高的興趣,但其他與MHC無關的雄性特徵,可能如身體屬性或行為線索,可能在其發情期(繁殖期)中超越MHC的影響,情境和週期階段在伴侶選擇中起著關鍵作用。

Sherlock et al., 2016

Sherlock JM, Sidari MJ, Harris EA, Barlow FK, Zietsch BP (2016)

Testing the mate-choice hypothesis of the female orgasm: disentangling traits and behaviours .

Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 6:31562.

研究顯示,女性在與不同的伴侶交往時,對於高頻率的高潮反應會更加歡迎,因為這些伴侶會被認為更有幽默感、更有創造力、更溫暖、更忠誠,並且會更加關注伴侶的性滿足,部分支持女性高潮作為選擇高品質伴侶的機制的假設。

Kromer et al., 2016

Kromer J, Hummel T, Pietrowski D, Giani AS, Sauter J, Ehninger G, Schmidt AH, Croy I (2016)

Influence of HLA on human partnership and sexual satisfaction .

Sci Rep. 6:32550.

研究表明,在人類中,HLA(免疫系統的一個遺傳成分)的不相似性可能通過檢測與基因相容性相關的嗅覺細胞來影響配偶選擇和性滿足,類似於其他動物中觀察到的機制,促進子代的基因多樣性和對病原體的抵抗力。

Wlodarski and Dunbar., 2015

Wlodarski R. and Dunbar RIM. (2015)

What’s in a Kiss? The Effect of Romantic Kissing on Mate Desirability .

Evol Psychol. ; 12(1): 178–199.

本研究發現,被認為的浪漫親吻能力會影響對潛在伴侶的評價,尤其是在非正式性行為情境中,對女性的吸引力會更高;而在某些交配情境中,視覺暗示可以抵銷親吻相關資訊的影響,但有吸引力的視覺資訊對男性的影響似乎比對女性更加強烈,這暗示親吻在傳達伴侶品質和吸引力時,與其他暗示一樣,扮演著多面向的角色。

Burger等,2015年

Burger D, Dolivo G, Marti E, Sieme H and Wedekind C (2015)

「馬(Equus caballus)的雌性主要組織相容性复合體型對其雄性的睾丸素水平和精子數量有影響」

Proc. R. Soc. B 282:20150407

本研究旨在探討主要組織相容性复合物(MHC)如何影響馬的繁殖策略。研究發現,當雄馬暴露於MHC類型不同的母馬時,其睪酮水平較高,每次射精的精子數量也較多,與暴露於MHC類型相似的母馬相比,這顯示MHC相關的信號確實可以影響雄馬的睪酮生成和精液特性,從而影響繁殖策略。

Laurent and Chaix., 2012

Lie et al., 2010

Lie HC, Simmons LH and Rhodes G (2010)

Genetic dissimilarity, genetic diversity, and mate preferences in humans .

Evolution and Human Behavior 31:8–58.

本研究探討了遺傳因素,特別是主要組織相容性複合體(MHC),對人類伴侶偏好的影響,發現男性在短期和長期交配情境中傾向於偏好MHC不相似的女性,而遺傳多樣性影響了不同交配情境中男性和女性的伴侶偏好,從而支持MHC在人類伴侶選擇中的重要角色,並暗示這些偏好可能有助於增強後代的遺傳多樣性。

Lie et al., 2010b

Lie HC, Rhodes G and Simmons LH (2010)

Is genetic diversity associated with mating success in humans ?

Animal Behaviour. 79, 4:903-909

這項研究表明,在人類中,特別是女性,基因多樣性,尤其是在主要組織相容性複合體 (MHC) 內,與更高的交配成功率相關,這是通過性伴侶的數量來衡量的,支持了基因因素,可能與免疫系統功能相關,對人類交配成功率起著作用的概念,而在男性中則未發現顯著的關聯。

Chaix et al., 2008

Chaix R, Cao C, and Donnelly P (2008)

Is Mate Choice in Humans MHC-Dependent ?

PLOS Genetics, 4 (9)

研究表明,儘管歐洲裔美國人群可能偏好與MHC不相似的伴侶,以選擇多樣化的後代免疫系統,但在所檢查的非洲人群中並未發現這種模式,這表明MHC對伴侶選擇的影響可能是情境依賴的,並可能受到各種因素的影響。

Schwensow 等人,2008 年

Schwensow N, Fietz J, Dausmann K, Sommer S (2008)

MHC-associated mating strategies and the importance of overall genetic diversity in an obligate pair-living primate .

Evol Ecol. (22) 617-636

這項研究探討了肥尾矮狐猴的配偶選擇,發現雌性偏好具有較高MHC基因多樣性和較低MHC重疊的雄性作為社會和基因父親,而整體基因雜合性和親緣關係對配偶選擇並沒有顯著影響;額外配對可能發生以減輕基因不相容性,突顯了在靈長類動物配偶策略中「良好基因作為雜合性」和「不配對交配」假說之間的複雜相互作用。

Wedekind., 2007

Wedekind C (2007)

The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Perfumers’ Descriptions of Human Body Odors

Evolutionary Psychology.5(2): 330-343

這項實驗揭示了主要組織相容性複合體 (MHC) 與人類體味的口頭描述之間的聯繫,顯示專業香水師在某種程度上能夠表達與 MHC 相關的體味成分,強調了 MHC 對人類嗅覺感知的影響,以及在配偶選擇中的可能性,考慮到 MHC 在免疫系統功能中的關鍵角色以及之前提到的對體味和配偶選擇的影響。

Wedekind., 2006

Wedekind C (2006)

The Intensity of Human Body Odors and the MHC: Should We Expect A Link ?

Evolutionary Psychology. 4:85-94

這項研究辨識出幾個MHC(主要組織相容性複合體)基因與男性體味的強度和愉悅感之間的關係,發現至少擁有一個純合子MHC抗原的男性並不會散發出顯著更強烈的氣味,相較於雜合子,但其氣味在擁有不同MHC的女性眼中卻被感知為顯著更強烈。

Pause et al., 2006

Pause BM, Krauel K, Schrader C, Sojka B, Westphal E, Mu¨ller-Ruchholtz W, and Ferstl R. (2006)

人類大腦是檢測化學感應傳遞的HLA-I類相似性在同性和異性關係中的探測器。

Proc. R. Soc. B (2006) 273, 471–478 doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3342

This study reveals that humans subconsciously detect and respond to body odors from individuals with similar HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) genetic markers, which might play a critical role in social interactions and mate selection by acting as subtle social signals within both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships..

Martins et al., 2005

Martins Y, Preti G, Crabtree CR, Runyan T, Vainius AA and Wysocki CJ (2005)

Preference for Human Body Odors Is Influenced by Gender and Sexual Orientation .

Psychological Science, 16(9) 694-702

這項研究表明,性取向和性別影響個體對人體氣味的偏好,異性戀和同性戀的男性和女性在面對來自不同性別和性取向組合的個體的體味時,展示出明顯的二選一偏好,這暗示著體味可能在性伴侶和社交伴侶的選擇中扮演一個因素。

Horton et al., 2004

Horton R, Wilming L, Rand V, Lovering RC, Bruford EA, Khodiyar VK, Lush MJ, Povey S, Talbot CC Jr, Wright MW, Wain HM, Trowsdale J, Ziegler A, Beck S (2004)

Gene map of the extended human MHC.

Nat Rev Genet 5(12):889-899

This study characterises an integrated gene map of the extended human MHC, a pivotal region in the vertebrate genome for infection and autoimmunity due to its essential role in both adaptive and innate immunity, highlighting its significant content related to paralogy, polymorphism, immune functionality, and its association with various diseases, providing a comprehensive view stemming from the assimilation of data from several large-scale studies..

Jacob et al., 2002

Jacob S, McClitock MK, Zelano B and Ober C (2002)

Paternally inherited HLA alleles are associated with woman’s choice of male odour .

Nature Genetics, 30:175

This study demonstrates that women can discern differences in male body odor influenced by a single variance in HLA (human MHC) allele, with a woman's capacity to distinguish and prefer certain odors notably being based on HLA alleles inherited from her father and not her mother; this suggests that paternally inherited HLA-associated odors influence odor preference and might function as social cues, even despite a milieu of potential odors derived from a variety of genetic and cultural factors..

Milinski and Wedekind., 2001

Milinski M and Wedekind C (2001)

Evidence for MHC-correlated perfume preference in humans .

Behavioural Ecology 12(2):140-149

這項研究探討了主要組織相容性複合體(MHC)基因型與人類香水偏好之間的關係。他們發現個體的MHC(特別是HLA-A、-B、-DR)與其對各種香氣的個人使用評價之間存在顯著的相關性,某些HLA類型(例如,HLA-A2)顯示出一致的香氣偏好。然而,當談到對伴侶香氣的偏好時,相關性則大多不顯著,這與假設一致,即個體選擇香水用於個人使用,可能是為了增強或放大自身的免疫基因揭示的體味,而不是為了改變伴侶的香氣感知。

Wedekind et al., 1995

Wedekind C, Seebeck T, Bettens F And Paepke AJ (1995)

MHC-dependent mate preferences in humans.

Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B. 260:245-249.

這項研究發現,人們傾向於偏好擁有不同免疫系統基因的潛在伴侶的體味,但這種偏好在使用避孕藥的女性中會有所改變。

Jokiniemi et al., 2020

Jokiniemi A, Magris M, Ritari J, Kuusipalo L, Lundgren T, Partanen J and Kekäläinen J (2020)

交配後的基因配對:子宮頸黏液對人類精子功能的HLA依賴性影響

Proc. R. Soc. B 287:20201682

* 發現精子活力與伴侶的HLA不相似性相關,這表明子宮頸黏液可能會選擇性地促進免疫基因相容伴侶之間的後期配子融合。

Mosaad et al., 2011

Mosaad YM, Abdel-Dayem Y, El-Deek BS and El-Sherbini SM (2011)

埃及女性中 HLA-E *0101 同型合子與反覆流產之間的關聯

Scand J Immunol. 2011 Aug;74(2):205-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02559.x.

* found an increased frequency of homozygosity for HLA-E*0101 in Egyptian women with RM

Mora-Snchez 等人,2019

Mora-Sánchez A, Aguilar-Salvador D, Nowak I (2019)

朝向配子匹配平台:利用免疫遺傳學和人工智慧預測反覆流產

NPJ Digit Med Mar 7;2:12.

* 提出了基於分析有成功懷孕或反覆流產 (RM) 歷史的夫妻的 HLA 單倍型來預測反覆流產的遺傳風險計算方法

Meuleman et al., 2015

Meuleman T, Lashley LE, Dekkers OM, van Lith J, Claas FH and Bloemenkamp KW (2015)

HLA 關聯與 HLA 共享在反覆流產中的系統性回顧與統合分析

Hum Immunol. May;76(5):362-73.

* 進行了41項研究的綜合分析,顯示HLA-B共享和HLA-DR共享均與RM的發生相關。

Shankarkumar et al., 2008

Shankarkumar U, Pawar A, Gaonkar P, Parasannavar D, Salvi V, and Ghosh K (2008)

印度特發性反覆自發性流產患者的HLA等位基因關聯

J Hum Reprod Sci. 2008 Jan;1(1):19-24.

* 確定與報告的全球 RSA 患者相比,HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-C 和 HLA-DRB1 中的等位基因存在差異性關聯

Ober, 1999

Ober C (1999)

在人類孤立群體中對HLA、繁殖力和伴侶選擇的研究

Hum Reprod Update 5(2):103-107.

* 描述 HLA 相似性在個別等位基因以及 HLA 單倍型之間的關係,作為 Hutterite 夫妻中胎兒喪失風險增加的指標。

Ober et al., 1998

Ober C, Hyslop T, Elias S, Weitkamp LR, Hauck WW (1998)

人類白血球抗原配對與胎兒喪失:10年前瞻性研究結果

Human Reproduction, Volume 13, Issue 1, Jan 1998, Pages 33-38

* 一項為期10年的研究結果顯示,Hutterite 夫婦在 HLA 抗原匹配時,胎兒喪失率增加。

Ober et al., 1993

Ober., Steck., Ven., Billstrand., Messer., Kwak., Beaman., Beer (1993)

在反覆自然流產的夫妻中,流產胎兒和足月嬰兒的MHC II類相容性

Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Volume 25, Issue 3, December 1993, Pages 195-207

* 顯示在Hutterite夫婦中,匹配HLA-DQA1等位基因的自發性流產復發率增加

Lok., 2012

Lok C (2012)

Career development: What's your type ?

Nature, 488: 545-547

* 這篇文章強調了邁爾斯-布里格斯性格指標及類似性格測試的應用,幫助科學家提升他們的軟技能並在職業生涯中導航,通過提供對他們性格特徵的見解,這些見解可以指導他們在專業環境中的溝通、領導和團隊合作策略。

Keirsey., 2006

Keirsey, D (2006)

Please Understand Me II (3rd ed) .

Promethius Nemesis Book Co., Del Mar, CA.

《請讓我了解你》是大衛·凱瑞西和瑪麗蓮·貝茨合著的心理學書籍,它使用一個自我評估的問卷,即凱瑞西氣質分類器,將個人分類為十六種個性類型和四種更廣泛的氣質類型(工匠、守護者、理性主義者和理想主義者),為讀者提供對其行為模式和基本價值觀的洞察,同時簡化了以前的心理學理論和類型指標,特別是邁爾斯·布里格斯類型指標。

Moutafi et al., 2003

Myers et al., 1998

Myers IB, McCaulley MH, Quenk NL and Hammer AL (1998)

MBTI manual: A guide to the development and use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator .

Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, Vol. 3.

MBTI® 第三版手冊是一本全面的指南,詳細記載了Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® 工具的開發、應用和解釋,提供關於該工具的理論、可靠性和有效性的深入資訊,並提供對它所識別的16種人格類型的洞察,所有內容均由心理類型領域的領先專家Isabel Briggs Myers、Mary H. McCaulley、Naomi L. Quenk和Allen L. Hammer撰寫。

Myers et al., 1985

Myers IB, McCaulley MH and Most R (1985)

手冊,邁爾斯-布里格斯類型指標的發展與使用指南。

諮詢心理學出版社。

The 1985 edition, 'Manual: A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator,' introduces and elucidates the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®), designed to render C. G. Jung's psychological type theory comprehensible and applicable in daily life, underlining the principle that behavioral variations, while seemingly sporadic, are consistently orderly, deriving from intrinsic differences in individuals’ preferred use of perception and judgment.

Myers., 1962

Myers IB (1962)

手冊,邁爾斯-布里格斯類型指標的發展與使用指南。

Consulting Psychologists Press .

The 1962 manual for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator provides comprehensive insights and guidelines for implementing C. Jung’s theory of psychological types, asserting that behavioral variations are systematic and consistent due to basic perceptual and judgmental preferences, aiming to leverage these preferences through self-reports to ascertain individual psychological types, thereby enabling the practical application and research into their effects on reactions, motivations, values, and capabilities.

Jung., 1923

Jung CG (1923)

心理類型:或個體化的心理學

Oxford, England: Harcourt, Brace .

Psychological Types by Carl Gustav Jung, first published in 1923, introduces the seminal psychological theory of psychological types, presenting a framework that seeks to explain the diverse and seemingly random differences in personality through a systematic and orderly theory, proposing that fundamental variations in human behavior arise due to inherent differences in how individuals prefer to utilize their cognitive functions of perception and judgment, laying the groundwork for numerous personality theories and assessments to come, notably the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

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